Now, let us swim together the history of this watch hall,
Look at 500 years,
We are familiar and strange world of the world, how many stories have happened.
1480-1511: Early portable timer. PETER HENLEIN, NURNBERG, Germany, has created the first pocket watch, an egg-shaped, copper-plated, single-pin watch, which only indicates the approximate amount of time. This table is also called "Nuremberg Egg," and HENLEIN's ideas were soon imitated, resulting in the other 'Nuremberg Egg'.
1485: LEONARDO DA VINCI painted a cone-shaped pendulum clock. This structure is used by the clock.
1535: Watchmaking industry is seriously affected and affected by religion. MARTIN LUTHER Protestant reform swept over Geneva. Prior to this Geneva was famous for its jewelry processing rather than watchmaking.
1541: JEAN CALVIN arrives at the Geneva event and establishes a Protestant reform center. Protestants flee from Paris and other major watchmaking cities to Geneva. CALVIN has set strict rules prohibiting the opera, dance and other artistic entertainment, which also includes wearing expensive clothes and wearing jewelry. This starts as a blow to the treasures industry in Geneva but gives them an opportunity due to a loophole in law. CALVIN considers the watch to be something of scientific research, so it is permissible to have it in the harsh protestant decree. Since then, jewelers worked with watchmakers who escaped elsewhere to create jewelry watches, enamel watches, carved watches, and more. Such cooperation has also opened the era of high-end watch industry in Geneva.
1575: At this time more and more bucket tables until the appearance of the 1600 oval table.
Early fifteenth century
Regular watch became popular, the case shape also will be diversified. At this time religious themes case carving is very popular, such as "skull" "cross" like the image.
Mid-fifteenth century
Table uses a double shell. That is, in addition to the shell there is another layer of protection case movement.
1635: The history of this phase mainly revolves around the changes of the cone wheel --- from the clock to the table. Its role is to help the clockwork averaging the energy, whether full chain or winding power can be almost the same work.
1657-1675: CHRISTIAN HUYGENS invented in the Netherlands called the "REMONTOIRE" table, this table escapement work more coherent. At the same time, a balanced helical spiral hairspring was also produced. This patent is owned by 1664 ROBERT HOOKE or 1675 CHRISTIAN HUYGENS. THOMAS THOMPION also applied for the patent in the same year. No matter who invented this structure, it makes the watch has a great degree of precision has been greatly improved. At this point the error of the watch every day only within a few minutes, also have a minute hand.
1687: DANIEL QUARE specializes in mechanical timers, with hourly and hourly ringing capabilities.
1700: Horizontal columnar escapement invented by THOMPION or GEORGE GRAHAM.
1704: PETER AND JACOB DEBAUFRE AND NICOLAS FACIO Using ruby ​​on the movement, the move succeeded in reducing friction and improving the life and accuracy of the movement.
1715: GEORGE GRAHAM invented the DEAD-BEAT escapement.
1725: GEORGE GRAHAM invented to make the table a lot lighter columnar escapement.
1750: In order to read the time convenient, enamel scale began to be used. Even today, making enamel watches is time-consuming and laborious.
1755: JEAN MARC VACHERON begins a personal tabulation. He and later joined FRANCOIS CONSTANTIN formed the famous "Vacheron Constantin."
1759: THOMAS MUDGE invented the British-style lever escapement, the biggest advantage is that it can be clocked without stopping the watch.
1761-1762: JOHN HARRISON sailing timer is the first table to measure longitude, and he also won a large sum of money.
1770: Case began to sophisticated development, shell shell and enamel painted case began to popularize, all of these make Pocket Watch to the jewelry direction.
1773: JOHN HARRISON Rewarded prizes for creating an accurate sailing timer.
1775: ABRAHAM LOUIS BREGUET established a personal watch shop in Paris.
1780: Early master of BREGUET ABRAHAM LOUIS PERRELET invented the automatic winding movement. This technology is only carried forward by BREGUET.
1783: ABRAHAM LOUIS PERRELET invented the disc spring for the striking watch, making it a lot nicer. He also designed his own style of pointers and numbers.
1783: BREGUET began making the famous "QUEEN MARIE ANTOINETTE". This table has self-pendulum, three questions, calendar, independent countdown, astronomical time difference, thermometer and other functions. At the same time, this watch uses a crystal surface to show off its magnificent movement. It is a pity that the watchmaking time is so long that the queen of France can not see the finished product of this watch. This table was lost in the JERUSALEM Museum in 1983 and has nowhere to be found.
1786: For the first time, BREGUET uses crossed embossed patterns on its dial, making it not only beautiful but also legible.
1790: BREGUET invented the umbrella type shockproof device to protect the balance wheel shaft tip.
1791: JF BAUTTE founded the predecessor of GIRARD-PERREGAUX.
1791: BREGUET invented the tourbillon, which is one of his greatest achievements in life, this thing can make the escapement to offset the position difference. This process is still the highest point of watchmaking machinery.
1795: BREGUET invented the BREGUET double hairspring. It effectively improves accuracy and is still used in high-level tables.
1798: BREGUET invented the "SYMPATHIQUE" master watch, when the watch is not used when placed in the groove of the clock, the watch will be adjusted and set. Later versions can also help with the chain. 1991 The unit was modified again.
1799: BREGUET invented the "TACT" watch, also known as the "blind watch", with the watch can feel the time through the exposed indicator.
Late sixteenth century
With the revolution in the manufacture of watches, the movement of small, rich models have reached an unprecedented level.
Early seventeenth century
Thanks to the invention of the disc spring by BREGUET, the timepiece became very compact and became popular at this time.
1801: BREGUET has won the tourbillon patent.
1807: THOMAS YOUNG invented the timer
1809: LUTHER GODDARD, SHREWSBURY, MA, opened the first watch factory in the United States, but produced only about 600 watches.
1810: BREGUET created the first watch for empress NAPLES. There are other brands on the creation of the first watch, but BREGUET's first watch is the earliest record.
1820: THOMAS PREST registered a patent automatic winding.
1821: RIEUSSEC made a chronograph patent. There is another saying that the timing device was invented by BREGUET.
1827: BREGUET's "MARIE ANTOINETTE" was completed four years after BREGUET's death. The main part by the watchmaker MICHAEL WEBER completed.
1830: BREGUET In the seventh year after BREGUET's death, BREGUET invented a watch that was put on the same dial as the timepiece. And compete with other companies to apply for this patent.
1833: Antoine LeCoultre began his own watchmaking business, which is later known as the Jaeger-LeCoultre watch factory
1837: The first TIFFANY store opened.
1838: Swiss watch factory AUDEMARS apply for the first time to adjust and winding the same table with a watch.
1843: ADRIEN PHILIPPE began to make the watch with the same dial on the clock.
1844: Chronograph start, stop, reset the patent was ADOLPH NICOLE application, he engaged in research in this area until 1862.
1844: ANTOINE LECOULTRE patented MILLIONOMETRE, this sophisticated system to help the movement again compact.
1845: ADOLPHE LANGE started watchmaking in Glasgow, Germany.
1845: ADRIEN PHILPPE joined Patek & CO. Thus forming the famous Patek Philippe & CO.
1846: ULYSSE NARDIN founded.
1847: ANTOINE LECOULTRE began to create a watch that uses the same watch as the timepiece.
1848: LOUIS BRANDT started his business at LA CHAUX-DE-FONDS, the predecessor of OMEGA.
Mid-seventeenth century
Swiss watches began to dominate the world watch market, ladies jewelry watch is very popular. Due to the development of science and technology, the watch was massively produced, the price became more acceptable and the accuracy was well improved. Perpetual calendar, return instructions, jump tables and segmented chronographs are also being used more and more. Swiss escapement due to high accuracy and low wear reasons the penetration rate has been higher than the British escaper.
1850S: barrel pendulum instead of the cone, the clock structure further compact.
1851: "Warren Manufacturing Company" was established as the predecessor of "Waltham Watch Company", the most important company in the history of the American watch industry.
1853: TISSOT created the first dual-time watch.
1856: ETERNA established. It has always been called U before. SCHILD. After 1906 use the ETERNA name
1858: MINERVA established.
1860: HEUER set up. It is famous for its timers.
1860: CHOPARD set up.
1865: ZENITH set up
1868: An American from Boston called FLORENTINE came to SHAFFHAUSEN in Switzerland and founded INTERNATIONAL WATHC COMPANY, IWC, a corporation of nations.
1869: ILLIONIS established
1875: AUDEMARS PIGUET & CIE established.
1880: GIRARD-PERREGAUX became the first company to mass produce watches for the military.
1881: MOVADO established.
1884: BREITLING set up.
1884: GREENWICH, UK, has developed the Prime Meridian.
1886: GENEVA SEAL established.
1891: On April 19, a train accident killed 11 people and the reason for the accident was the stopwatch of the train dispatcher. After this tragedy people recognized the need for a uniform standard of time, but also to improve the accuracy of the table. The official requirement for rail schedules is that there is an error of more than 30 seconds between 7 and 14 days. The charts in the United States were extremely accurate during this period, such as HOWARD and WALTHAM.
1892: AARNE BONNIKSEN, COVENTRY, UK, applied for a patent for "KARRUSEL" (Caruso), a structure similar to a tourbillon.
1892: Hamilton was founded in LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA. Now owned by Swiss SWATCH Group.
1892: INGERSOLL has released the "DOLLAR" form, which is large and cheap to make. In 1916, INGERSOLL produced 16,000 such tables a day. Their slogan is "Watch makes money famous."
1894: UNIVERSAL Geneva established.
Late seventeenth century
Watches began to popularize, especially in the military, a lot of pocket watches have been removed from the watch chain and put on a matching watch band.
1904: Cartier produced a watch for Alberto Santos Domont, a watch that became available for sale in 1911 and continues to be the most popular and often copied form of Cartier today.
1905: Hans Wellsdorf and his brother started rolex company, the company's name was first called Wilsdorf & Davis, "rolex" the name registered in 1908.
1906: Omega produced the first three questions watch, movement from the AP.
1912: Movado launches the Polyplan watch, the first watch with a curved movement and case. There are other tables that use a curved case, but curved movement technology is a new achievement.
1914: Eterna produced the first alarm clock.
1917: Cartier introduced the "tank" series, the success of this section has been extended to this day.
1918: Japan established Shakosha Company, which became Citizen (Citizen) in 1931.
1920: Charles Edouard Guillaume won the Nobel Prize for inventing Invar (non-expansive steel) and Elinvar (nickel steel alloy constant elastic steel). This synthetic metal has the advantage of excellent thermal expansion and is not susceptible to temperature changes. This metal can be used on the balance spring, thereby improving travel time accuracy.
1920 ~ 1930: The prevalence of decorative arts lies in the great popularity of watches and the declining sales of pocket watches.
1923: John Harwood is the first man to make a self-winding watch, the watch is set by the bezel time, no crown.
1924: Seiko was founded by Kinttaro Hattori in Tokyo, formerly known as Timekeeper, who started making timers since 1881.
1925; the first year in time of the sun.
1926: Rolex introduced the first water-resistant watch, "Oyster," which has a double-locking crown, screwed off from moisture.
1927: Mercedes Gleitze wearing rolex watches across the English Channel, this is the Rolex first public action, rolex became the most famous watch in history has played a role.
1928: Jaeger-LeCoultre launches "Atmos" bell, a very peculiar bell that relies on temperature changes. Just 1 degree Celsius of temperature change was enough to power this clock for two days.
1929: WAMarrison invented the quartz clock.
1929: Jaeger-LeCoultre produced the world's smallest caliber: CAL. 101. Its size is only 14mm × 4.8mm × 3.4mm, weighs only 1 gram.
1929: Tissot created the first magnetometer.
1931: Jaeger-LeCoultre introduces the "Reverso" collection, designed specifically for golfers. The case can be flipped up to protect the watch glass from the bottom of the watch, making it one of the first sports watches in the world. Today's Reverso has evolved into a huge series that includes tourbillons, quads, dual caliber, jewelery watches and a few other types.
1931: Rolex launches self-winding watch "Perpetual".
1932: Patek Philippe unveiled their first Calatrava watch.
1933: The development of metallurgy has led to the Nivarox alloy, which is used to make hairspring. Nivarox is harder to manufacture than Elinvar, anti-magnetic and will not rust. This gossamer is divided into several grades, Nivarox 1 is the best. Nivarox is still used in many high-end watches.
1933: Ingersoll introduced the Mickey Mouse Table, which is not the first funny character list, but is definitely the most popular. Its success comes from the list of funny characters from other watch factories, which are now extremely collectible.
1935: Gruen launches the "Curvex" series, which was a success in the 40s when it came to the huge demand for curved watch cases.
1937: In the northwestern part of Geneva, the famous Lallee de Joux and Edond Jaeger in the Jura region join LcCoultre to form Jaeger-LeCoultre.
1942: Breitling introduced the "Chronomat" collection.
1945: Rolex introduced the "Datejust" collection.
1948: Omega Launches "Seamaster" Collection.
1948: Eterna For the first time, self-winding pendulums are equipped with ball bearings to reduce friction.
1952: Breitling launches the "Navitimer" collection, a collection of flight charts.
1953: Rolex introduced the "Submariner" collection.
1954: Rolex releases "GMT Master" series.
1955: Omega's designer Rene Bannwart left the company to start his own company, Corum.
1955: Louis Essen and JVL Perry develop the first atomic clock.
1956: Rolex introduced their first double diary.
1957: Buren manufactures the first self-winding watch using pearl robe.
1959: Piaget introduced the 12P movement, the world's thinnest self-winding movement, measuring only 2.33mm thick.
1960: Bulova introduces the highly successful "Accutron" series, a battery-powered tuning fork that replaces the balance, a structure that is far more accurate than previous electronic timepieces.
1961: Movado Introduces the "Museum" Collection, Still Popular Today, The Dial was Designed by Nathan George 14 Years Ago.
1962: Rado launches the world's first worn watch "Diastar 1", which is a hit on the market.
1962: Switzerland ETA developed the first quartz electronic watch "Beta 21", which is a very accurate table. They did not put this result into production, replaced by the continuous production of mechanical movement.
1966: Girard-Perregaux introduces the world's first high-frequency mechanical movement (36,000vph), with most mechanical watches at only 18,000 or 28,800vph.
1969: Seiko Introduces "Astron" Series, the First Quartz Watch to Be Consumer. Astrons did not produce much, but this is the beginning of Japan's quartz watch dominance.
1969: The human on the moon, NASA chose Omega Speedmaster as a astronaut watch, Speedmaster is the first table on the moon.
1969: In order to win the self-winding stopwatch, Zenith partnered with Movado to launch El Primero.
1970: Hamilton released "Pulsar", the first digital display electronic watch that displays a number of red LED diodes after pressing a button. Look at the time is very convenient, but the battery consumption is also fast.
1972; Longines and Seiko introduced a new digital LCD display of the table, the time can be displayed, and need to press the button in sharp contrast to the LED.
1972: AP launches "Royal Oak", the first high-end steel sports watch that leads the trend.
1974: Paul Picot (Parker) to set up the company.
1976: Patek Philippe launches "Nautilus" watch.
1976: Citizen produced the first solar meter.
1979: Vacheron Constantin launches "Kallista", one of the most expensive watches in the world, with 130 carat total diamonds worth about $ 9 million.
1979: Concord releases "Delirium", the thinnest watch in the world (1.98mm). With the thin war still continuing, the Delirium IV was released at an incredible 0.98mm thickness. Thin, but not practical, because the watch will be bent by the wearer.
1980: Hublot brand was founded.
1983: Despite the popularity of quartz watches, Gerd Lang founded a mechanical watch company called Chronoswiss.
1983: Swiss SMH Group founded the SWATCH brand. It immediately fought off cheap Japanese quartz watches and recaptured their markets. A wide range of even sometimes a little crazy style brings immediate success, the price of about 35 dollars makes people not just bought a lot but bought a lot of tables. Some limited edition SWATCH tables in the collection market even sold hundreds or even thousands of Swiss francs.
1984: Founded under the Fossil brand based in Texas. Due to its trend-setting style and packaging, Fossil Limited Edition is very popular among collectors.
The mid-1980s
Mechanical watches begin to recover, digital watches are slowly declining, and people are beginning to pay attention to real mechanical masterpieces brought about by the revival of traditional craftsmanship.
1985: Heuer merges with TAG to form Heuer TAG.
1985: IWC has released the "Da Vinci" Automatic Perpetual Calendar watch and has enjoyed an outstanding reputation so far.
1985: West Rail developed "Aquqland", the first dive meter with depth gauge.
1985: Athens releases "Astrolabium Galileo Galilei", which is included in the Guinness Book of Records. The table can show the location of the sun, the moon and the stars, as well as the sunrise, sunset, dusk, moon phase, moonrise, moonrise, eclipses and the month of the month. It was designed by the Athenian genius Ludwig? Chslin and he will develop two more sophisticated watches for his "Trilogy" at a later time.
1986: PP developed the secular calendar, which calculates and calibrates the error of the Gregorian calendar every 400 years.
1986: AP releases first automatic tourbillon watch
1987: Alain Silberstein, of Besanon, France, founded his own watch company. His design is quite unique, warm response.
1988: RUBBER manufactures the first regulator wristwatch.
1988: Ludwig chslin, Athens developed "Planetarium Copernicus", which shows the position of each planet relative to the sun and the Earth. It also shows the lunar rotation around the Earth, in addition to the perpetual calendar features that display the signs of the month and the zodiac.
1988: Jean d'Eve and Seiko developed automatic quartz watches. Built-in Tuo can watch charging so do not have to replace the battery. Although there were still some problems with the system at that time, Seiko made technical improvements and re-started it.
1989: The world's most complex table PP Cal.89 sold 3.2 million US dollars (including commissions and other costs). It has 33 different functions, took nine years to complete the production.
1990: Daniel Roth founded the watch brand name after him, and played an important role in the rejuvenation of the Baoxie.
1991: Junghans Announces "Mega 1", the First Watch to Receive Radio Signals Synchronized with Atomic Clocks
1991: Franck Muller brand was founded.
1991: "Kiki Picasso" sold 62,000 Swiss francs as the swagger of SWATCH.
1992: Timex launches "Indiglo", which illuminates the entire faceplate evenly with a back light. This is the most easy-to-see timetable in the darkness at the time. The same device can be found on many watches today, from day beauty to Omega.
1992: Athens released "Tellurium Johannes Kepler" completed the "trilogy." This table shows the rotation of the Earth as seen from the North Pole. It can also show that part of the Earth can be the sun shines, and can show sunrise and sunset. In addition it can also show the lunar rotation around the earth and the eclipse of the eclipse.
1994: Seiko developed the "Kinetic" watch, a significant improvement over the 88 years of their manufacture. A similar movement also appears in Swiss watches.
1994: Germany A. Lange & S? Hne Trademark revival, soon won a leading position in the Swiss watch industry has long been renowned.
1994: After years of planning, Roland Murphy founded his own watch brand.
1995: As the symbol of our lives becoming more dependent on computers, we released "Data-Link" watches. The table can be "read" information from the computer screen to record the schedule, phone number and so on.
1995: West Rail Chen developed a series of "Eco-Drive" photodynamic energy watch. They look a lot nicer than the solar-powered watches previously designed by the famous Swiss designer Jörg Hysek, and run at least 500 days after fully charged
1996: Philippe Dufour launches Duality. Dual escapement movement design, it can balance each other to improve accuracy. The development of this system is used to fight the tourbillon.
1996: Parmigiani brand was founded
1996: Radar develops "Vision 1", which is cast in diamond powder. So far sapphire is the hardest. Vision 1 is still a pilot model and is not yet available to the public.
1997: PP releases "Annual Calendar", running within one year without adjustment.
1999: Watches produced by Seiko (the "Thermic" watch) and Xichen Chen, which provide energy for running by the wearer's wrist and the air temperature difference.
1999: Omega releases coaxial movement. Developed by George Daniels, the movement has a completely new escapement and less friction, resulting in higher accuracy and less maintenance.
1999: Casio develops a watch with a Global Positioning System (GPS).
1999: IWC releases "Deep One", the first mechanical watch with depth gauge