Overview of iPS cells
IPS cells can reprogram differentiated somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) by introducing specific transcription factors. The specific transcription factors are Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4. These four factors (also known as Yamanaka factor) can effectively target mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF cells) and mouse tail tips. Fibroblasts induce morphogenesis and growth characteristics similar to ES cell clones, iPS cells. iPS cells also allow normal somatic cells to "initialize" to have stem cell function. "iPS cells" have functions similar to those of embryonic stem cells. Cells that have stem cell function can be produced from cells of any tissue, even cells of skin tissue, without the need to make embryos. In addition to producing embryos, iPS cells and embryonic stem cells can produce all the cells. If used for medical treatment, then theoretically all diseases can be cured - all bad tissues are removed and replaced with re-growth normal tissues.
Acquisition of iPS cells
Ips cells can be directed to express certain specific marker genes of embryonic stem cells, and have the same developmental pluripotency as embryonic stem cells. There are many methods for obtaining iPS cells, including the following aspects:
1 Somatic cell nuclear transfer: The somatic cell nucleus is introduced into the enucleated oocyte, and the somatic cell nucleus is reprogrammed in the enucleated oocyte to obtain developmental pluripotency similar to that of the ES cell.
2 Cell fusion: Fusion of mammalian adult somatic cells and pluripotent ES cells produces tetraploid cells, which have developmental pluripotency.
3 Somatic cell nuclear reprogramming: The four transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c2Myc are introduced into somatic cells through viral or plasmid vectors, and the somatic cell nuclei are reprogrammed to obtain developmental pluripotency.
4 Cell culture: The germ cells are cultured under specific culture conditions, and the germ cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent cells. It can be seen that pluripotency-inducing factors may play a very important role in maintaining pluripotency similar to embryonic stem cells.
Establishment of iPS cells
Somatic cell nuclear transfer or cell fusion can reprogram highly differentiated somatic cells. Cell reprogramming refers to the process of reversing mature cells from a differentiated state to an undifferentiated state. Studies have shown that mouse embryos are early in 2-cells. During the 4-cell phase, each blastomere is likely to have a different developmental tendency. Thereafter, the cells continue to differentiate in different directions. Regardless of the extent of cell differentiation, they are identical in genetic composition to undifferentiated cells. However, during their development, many epigenetic modifications have taken place in their genomes, suggesting that there may be some factors in the oocytes and ES cells that can initiate cell reprogramming, which can induce changes in somatic epigenetics. Get developmental pluripotency, restarting division and development like a fertilized egg.
Rattan Flower Pot,Indoor Flower Pots,Rattan Garden Pots,Rattan Plant Pots
Guangxi Pubei Jinliang Arts and Crafts Co.,ltd , https://www.arts-manufacturers.com