Art concept map showing a black hole. Axial particles can accumulate around the black hole and emit gravitational waves
When the axis particles collapse, there will be waves in space and time that can be detected on Earth
On June 26th, Beijing time, scientists from the Technical University of Vienna said they found a new way to search for previously undiscovered particles—using black holes. The particles they searched for were hypothetical axis particles. This kind of particle has a very small mass, accumulates around the black hole and draws energy from the black hole. This process emits gravitational waves that can be measured.
Searching for new particles usually requires a lot of energy, which is why large accelerators are built. The accelerator can make the speed of particles close to the speed of light. However, the cost of developing accelerators is prohibitive. Taking the Large Hadron Collider as an example, the development of this accelerator took 30 years and cost about 3.7 billion pounds (about 5.8 billion US dollars).
Scientists at the Technical University of Vienna have proposed a creative way to use black holes to search for new particles. They said that this way can prove whether the axis particles in the hypothesis actually exist. This kind of particle has a very small mass, accumulates around the black hole and draws energy from the black hole. This process emits gravitational waves that can be measured.
Daniel Grumler and Gabriella Mokanu of the Technical University of Vienna studied how to search for such particles. Grumler is a theoretical physicist. He said: "Although the existence of axial particles has not been proven, the possibility of existence is extremely high." Grumler and Mokanu believed that axial particles could orbit the black hole in a similar way to electrons surrounding the nucleus. However, it is not the electromagnetic force that binds the black hole and the axis particles together, but the gravitational force.
In the field of quantum physics, all particles are described as a wave, and the wavelength is related to the energy of the particles. The wavelength of heavy particles is short, and the wavelength of low energy axis particles can reach several kilometers. According to the research by Grumler and Mokanu, axial particles can orbit the black hole in a similar way that electrons orbit the nucleus. However, there is a huge difference between the electrons in the atom and the axial particles around the black hole. The electron is a fermion, that is, there are no two electrons with the same state. The axis particles are bosons, and many axis particles can have the same quantum state at the same time, forming a "boson cloud" around the black hole. This cloud continuously draws energy from the black hole, and the number of axial particles in the cloud continues to increase. However, the boson cloud is not necessarily stable.
Grumler said: "These bosons are like a pile of loose sand, which will suddenly slide when touched by an extra grain of sand." Excitingly, this breakdown of bosons can proceed measuring. In this process, they will cause space-time vibration and release gravitational waves. Detectors for detecting gravitational waves have been introduced. In 2016, the accuracy of the detector can reach the level of determining the type of gravitational waves. The calculations performed by Grumler and Mokanu show that gravitational waves can not only deepen our understanding of astronomy, but also help us further understand new particles.
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