Third, typesetting and prepress
After completing the editing task, it begins to enter the production stage, which is the copying stage of the product. The first thing to do is typesetting and prepress preparation. The edited and added code is the basis of typesetting. The typesetting staff will insert text, black and white or color illustrations into the page according to the requirements of the editor to form the desired layout format. In the typesetting, different platforms and programs can be selected according to different conditions, among which common typesetting systems are QuarkXPress, PageMaker, and FrameMaker. It should be pointed out that how to obtain effective digital illustrations is a technically challenging issue in the digitalization of typography.
After digital pages are arranged, digital proofreading will follow, and the introduction of digital proofreading has greatly changed the traditional publishing cycle because it makes the proofreading work more effective and more flexible.
The digitized documents after proofreading cannot be printed immediately, because there is still a need for a comprehensive preflight inspection of the documents. The purpose of this step is to ensure that all parts of the manuscript can be copied completely and accurately, and the prepress inspection There are a series of inspection items. The purpose of this step is to ensure that all parts of the manuscript can be copied completely and accurately. In the prepress inspection, there are a series of inspection items. Only when all the items meet the requirements can the printing be started. For online publishing, in order to achieve the online delivery of publications, some additional work is required after the pre-press inspection. The files can be browsed on the Internet using the HTML language. If the PDF cannot be used for platemaking, they can be used here so that the readers They can be printed out as web files.
Specifically, in the process of digital typesetting and prepress preparation, there are several key links that need to be grasped. They are digital illustrations, digital proofreading, digital prepress preparation and PDF format. The following will introduce them separately:
<digital illustration>
Definition: Illustrations delivered in the form of digitized files, including advertisements, charts, technical illustrations, graphics, photographs, etc.
Process: Digitized illustrations can usually be generated in three ways. One is to use computer graphics software. The other is to scan image photographs into digital files. In scientific laboratories, they work entirely in a digital environment.
Currently the most commonly used computer graphics software includes Adobe's Illustrator and Photoshop, and Macromedia's Freehand. The scanning process is usually performed under a standard desktop publishing program such as Adobe Photoshop or in EPS or TIFF format. The third style of illustration file is also exists under Adobe Photoshop.
After these digital illustrations are generated, they will be placed in the right place on the page, using a typesetting program. This process forms an integral part of the entire digital workflow.
<Pre-Inspection>
Definition: It is the work of checking the digitization according to the item to ensure the accuracy of the document.
Process: The content of the pre-press inspection includes font size, image, text, page structure, blank, color, and other aspects. Prepress inspection is an important step in the digital workflow. It directly determines the quality of the product and the smoothness of the work flow after winning. This step arrangement is performed at the end of the typesetting work, and a further inspection is required before the plate making work begins. . There are usually three types of checks to find file errors; one is a preflight check of the application file, which is the most time consuming; one is a preflight check of the Postscript file, it requires specific analysis software; one is for the PDF Preflight inspection of documents, it also requires specialized software.
Definition: PDF or simply called removable file format is a format of Adobe Corporation. It originates from Adobe's Postscript language. This file format does not depend on any platform. It combines the functions of Postscript with the flexibility of application files.
Process: PDF was developed in the early 1990s, and it allows the generated electronic files to be sent to different computers regardless of the operating system and applications used by those machines. In addition to desktop, office, and network operations, Adobe has added features to the PDF that make it equally suitable for demanding image applications.
Getting a PDF file is not a hassle. Once a Psotscript file is generated, it can be "distilled" into a PDF file format using Adobe's Arobat Distiller or PDF writer program. Of course you can also write PDF files directly using an application such as Adobe In Design.
Purpose: The purpose of using the PDF format is many, because the PDF format can play a large role in the entire production process, it can be used to transfer digital illustrations, can be used as a film or plate-making media, can be used for proofreading mechanisms, can be in the form of pages Displays electronic files and can also be used for file archiving. For example, during the proofreading process, the PDF file can replace the traditional laser proofing and is passed to the author and editor in the form of an electronic page. The author and editor can directly print out the page for modification. The modified page is then returned by fax. , Or modify the manuscript directly in the electronic proof.
Advantages: In the digital workflow, PDF format has a series of advantages:
· Because PDF is independent, it can be read on different operating platforms
· Using PDF, editing can be done at any stage
PDF files are much less than Postscript files, so it takes up less space and faster
· Because the “distillation†program that generates PDF is basically a RIP (raster image processor), it can also ensure the correctness of the file generation.
PDF provides a compatible solution for print publishing and online publishing
· anyone can use a free reading program to browse PDF files on the web
Fourth, printing
Finished all preparations before printing, once the printing factory confirms the document is accurate and complete, can begin the plate printing. Because the degree of digitized workflow is not the same in different environments, the printing process is also different: in the case where the digitization is not complete enough, the disk file needs to be printed out as a soft film before the plate is printed; in the case of a high degree of digitization , you can directly make a plate through the file, so that the plate making process will be much faster than making a plate. In spite of this, many publishers and printers still choose to make plates because of the need for advertising or archiving. In order to solve this problem, a scanning process named Copydot Scanning has emerged, which allows publishers and printers to use direct There is no longer any concern when making platemaking technology. In addition, with the need to fully realize the digital workflow, the current direct computer printing process is also rapidly developing. This process is highly dependent on a proprietary printing technology called DI (Direct Image), which eliminates the past plate making. At the stage, the disk files are printed directly.
The following is a detailed explanation of several digital printing processes
<Import directly from disk>
Definition: That is, a piece of film is directly controlled by a computer through an image-setter, that is, the process from the typesetting to the filming is digital, or it can be that the entire process of generating a piece from the content is a digital process. However, this phase of the filming process determines that it is impossible to digitize the entire publishing process because it interrupts the process of typesetting to platemaking.
Process: First, the typeetter uses a variety of typesetting software to arrange the pages, then the pages and other necessary images and other materials are passed to the printing plant, and then a pre-press inspection is performed to ensure that these pages do not exclude high resolution. Postscript.
Then, various fonts and images are embedded, Postscript or PDF files are generated. At this time, check again to ensure the accuracy of the data. Afterwards, the full-page version of the software will be used for full-page printing, ie, pages will be printed, folded and bound in the correct order. Full-page marks usually consist of four pages, eight pages, or sixteen pages, although of course they differ depending on the printer. These full-page marks are then transmitted to the imagesetter, and the imagesetter issues the correct page order and position.
<Direct Computer Plate Making>
Definition: Computer-to-plate (CTP) is to obtain plates directly from digitized files without the need for a film in the middle.
Process: The computer-to-plate process starts from the page generation stage until the digital plate is output.
Document preparation: In a process called imposition, the Postscript files for all pages are arranged in the order in which they are arranged on the plate. This process can use specialized software such as the PREPS of ScenicSoft, ImposeIt of IPTech. The file is then raster image processed to capture the colors. Once these tasks are completed, these files can be used for platemaking.
The edition can be done manually or automatically. In general, automatic printing is due to a visible light platemaking machine, which must work in a darkroom environment. The thermal plate is not exposed to visible light, it can work under normal light conditions and is therefore flexible. Either way, their plate making principle is the same, exposed in an internal drum or external drum system. In the internal drum system, the plate is fixed and the laser signal is reflected by specular reflection onto the plate. In the external drum system, the laser beam is fixed and exposed by the rotation of the plate.
Definition: Copydot software scanning is a scanning process that digitizes scanned data to produce a file for raster image processing.
Process: With a Copydot scanner, printers can scan half-tone color separation films and then obtain digitized files that can be used for a fully digitized workflow. Although the scanned digitized file is a derivative of raw materials, its resolution can be as high as 4800 dpi, so no or little data is lost.
Copydot scanning is a highly accurate process that requires expensive specialized equipment. Copydot scanners and software vary greatly in quality, so the quality of output products will vary greatly, and the quality of the equipment directly determines the effect.
<Direct Computer Printing>
Definition: Without the need for a film, the computer-controlled digital file directly exposes the plate of the printing plate portion of the printing machine to plate making, and then directly starts printing.
Process: Direct computer-controlled printing requires a special offset press called a DI press. It consists of an image head, a plate, and a common impression cylinder. The DI printing press combines the functions of a traditional offset press with its own image capabilities. The DI printer uses a real ink, not a toner, and it relies on waterless technology. There is an ink pool in the concave area, similar to a gravure printer in principle. The DI printer is one of three digital printers, and the two are digital copiers and printers.
The combination of digitization and digital printing greatly increases the efficiency of the main postal work and reduces the cost. It makes on-demand printing economical. The digital workflow has also undergone tremendous changes in the distribution of publications and market research.
V. Distribution and Market Work
Digital workflows, whether for print or electronic publications, bring a lot of convenience to their distribution. The bar code marked on the product allows issuers, whether underwriters, retailers or librarians, to track the operation of the product at any time and ensure that the consumer has received them. Integrated distribution and execution systems, including order control, user database, ordering procedures, ordering statistics. Sales records, etc., all these tasks will be automatically completed by the system. If there is an e-commerce system connected to the publisher's site, the automation of these tasks will be even higher.
After completing the editing task, it begins to enter the production stage, which is the copying stage of the product. The first thing to do is typesetting and prepress preparation. The edited and added code is the basis of typesetting. The typesetting staff will insert text, black and white or color illustrations into the page according to the requirements of the editor to form the desired layout format. In the typesetting, different platforms and programs can be selected according to different conditions, among which common typesetting systems are QuarkXPress, PageMaker, and FrameMaker. It should be pointed out that how to obtain effective digital illustrations is a technically challenging issue in the digitalization of typography.
After digital pages are arranged, digital proofreading will follow, and the introduction of digital proofreading has greatly changed the traditional publishing cycle because it makes the proofreading work more effective and more flexible.
The digitized documents after proofreading cannot be printed immediately, because there is still a need for a comprehensive preflight inspection of the documents. The purpose of this step is to ensure that all parts of the manuscript can be copied completely and accurately, and the prepress inspection There are a series of inspection items. The purpose of this step is to ensure that all parts of the manuscript can be copied completely and accurately. In the prepress inspection, there are a series of inspection items. Only when all the items meet the requirements can the printing be started. For online publishing, in order to achieve the online delivery of publications, some additional work is required after the pre-press inspection. The files can be browsed on the Internet using the HTML language. If the PDF cannot be used for platemaking, they can be used here so that the readers They can be printed out as web files.
Specifically, in the process of digital typesetting and prepress preparation, there are several key links that need to be grasped. They are digital illustrations, digital proofreading, digital prepress preparation and PDF format. The following will introduce them separately:
<digital illustration>
Definition: Illustrations delivered in the form of digitized files, including advertisements, charts, technical illustrations, graphics, photographs, etc.
Process: Digitized illustrations can usually be generated in three ways. One is to use computer graphics software. The other is to scan image photographs into digital files. In scientific laboratories, they work entirely in a digital environment.
Currently the most commonly used computer graphics software includes Adobe's Illustrator and Photoshop, and Macromedia's Freehand. The scanning process is usually performed under a standard desktop publishing program such as Adobe Photoshop or in EPS or TIFF format. The third style of illustration file is also exists under Adobe Photoshop.
After these digital illustrations are generated, they will be placed in the right place on the page, using a typesetting program. This process forms an integral part of the entire digital workflow.
<Pre-Inspection>
Definition: It is the work of checking the digitization according to the item to ensure the accuracy of the document.
Process: The content of the pre-press inspection includes font size, image, text, page structure, blank, color, and other aspects. Prepress inspection is an important step in the digital workflow. It directly determines the quality of the product and the smoothness of the work flow after winning. This step arrangement is performed at the end of the typesetting work, and a further inspection is required before the plate making work begins. . There are usually three types of checks to find file errors; one is a preflight check of the application file, which is the most time consuming; one is a preflight check of the Postscript file, it requires specific analysis software; one is for the PDF Preflight inspection of documents, it also requires specialized software.
Definition: PDF or simply called removable file format is a format of Adobe Corporation. It originates from Adobe's Postscript language. This file format does not depend on any platform. It combines the functions of Postscript with the flexibility of application files.
Process: PDF was developed in the early 1990s, and it allows the generated electronic files to be sent to different computers regardless of the operating system and applications used by those machines. In addition to desktop, office, and network operations, Adobe has added features to the PDF that make it equally suitable for demanding image applications.
Getting a PDF file is not a hassle. Once a Psotscript file is generated, it can be "distilled" into a PDF file format using Adobe's Arobat Distiller or PDF writer program. Of course you can also write PDF files directly using an application such as Adobe In Design.
Purpose: The purpose of using the PDF format is many, because the PDF format can play a large role in the entire production process, it can be used to transfer digital illustrations, can be used as a film or plate-making media, can be used for proofreading mechanisms, can be in the form of pages Displays electronic files and can also be used for file archiving. For example, during the proofreading process, the PDF file can replace the traditional laser proofing and is passed to the author and editor in the form of an electronic page. The author and editor can directly print out the page for modification. The modified page is then returned by fax. , Or modify the manuscript directly in the electronic proof.
Advantages: In the digital workflow, PDF format has a series of advantages:
· Because PDF is independent, it can be read on different operating platforms
· Using PDF, editing can be done at any stage
PDF files are much less than Postscript files, so it takes up less space and faster
· Because the “distillation†program that generates PDF is basically a RIP (raster image processor), it can also ensure the correctness of the file generation.
PDF provides a compatible solution for print publishing and online publishing
· anyone can use a free reading program to browse PDF files on the web
Fourth, printing
Finished all preparations before printing, once the printing factory confirms the document is accurate and complete, can begin the plate printing. Because the degree of digitized workflow is not the same in different environments, the printing process is also different: in the case where the digitization is not complete enough, the disk file needs to be printed out as a soft film before the plate is printed; in the case of a high degree of digitization , you can directly make a plate through the file, so that the plate making process will be much faster than making a plate. In spite of this, many publishers and printers still choose to make plates because of the need for advertising or archiving. In order to solve this problem, a scanning process named Copydot Scanning has emerged, which allows publishers and printers to use direct There is no longer any concern when making platemaking technology. In addition, with the need to fully realize the digital workflow, the current direct computer printing process is also rapidly developing. This process is highly dependent on a proprietary printing technology called DI (Direct Image), which eliminates the past plate making. At the stage, the disk files are printed directly.
The following is a detailed explanation of several digital printing processes
<Import directly from disk>
Definition: That is, a piece of film is directly controlled by a computer through an image-setter, that is, the process from the typesetting to the filming is digital, or it can be that the entire process of generating a piece from the content is a digital process. However, this phase of the filming process determines that it is impossible to digitize the entire publishing process because it interrupts the process of typesetting to platemaking.
Process: First, the typeetter uses a variety of typesetting software to arrange the pages, then the pages and other necessary images and other materials are passed to the printing plant, and then a pre-press inspection is performed to ensure that these pages do not exclude high resolution. Postscript.
Then, various fonts and images are embedded, Postscript or PDF files are generated. At this time, check again to ensure the accuracy of the data. Afterwards, the full-page version of the software will be used for full-page printing, ie, pages will be printed, folded and bound in the correct order. Full-page marks usually consist of four pages, eight pages, or sixteen pages, although of course they differ depending on the printer. These full-page marks are then transmitted to the imagesetter, and the imagesetter issues the correct page order and position.
<Direct Computer Plate Making>
Definition: Computer-to-plate (CTP) is to obtain plates directly from digitized files without the need for a film in the middle.
Process: The computer-to-plate process starts from the page generation stage until the digital plate is output.
Document preparation: In a process called imposition, the Postscript files for all pages are arranged in the order in which they are arranged on the plate. This process can use specialized software such as the PREPS of ScenicSoft, ImposeIt of IPTech. The file is then raster image processed to capture the colors. Once these tasks are completed, these files can be used for platemaking.
The edition can be done manually or automatically. In general, automatic printing is due to a visible light platemaking machine, which must work in a darkroom environment. The thermal plate is not exposed to visible light, it can work under normal light conditions and is therefore flexible. Either way, their plate making principle is the same, exposed in an internal drum or external drum system. In the internal drum system, the plate is fixed and the laser signal is reflected by specular reflection onto the plate. In the external drum system, the laser beam is fixed and exposed by the rotation of the plate.
Definition: Copydot software scanning is a scanning process that digitizes scanned data to produce a file for raster image processing.
Process: With a Copydot scanner, printers can scan half-tone color separation films and then obtain digitized files that can be used for a fully digitized workflow. Although the scanned digitized file is a derivative of raw materials, its resolution can be as high as 4800 dpi, so no or little data is lost.
Copydot scanning is a highly accurate process that requires expensive specialized equipment. Copydot scanners and software vary greatly in quality, so the quality of output products will vary greatly, and the quality of the equipment directly determines the effect.
<Direct Computer Printing>
Definition: Without the need for a film, the computer-controlled digital file directly exposes the plate of the printing plate portion of the printing machine to plate making, and then directly starts printing.
Process: Direct computer-controlled printing requires a special offset press called a DI press. It consists of an image head, a plate, and a common impression cylinder. The DI printing press combines the functions of a traditional offset press with its own image capabilities. The DI printer uses a real ink, not a toner, and it relies on waterless technology. There is an ink pool in the concave area, similar to a gravure printer in principle. The DI printer is one of three digital printers, and the two are digital copiers and printers.
The combination of digitization and digital printing greatly increases the efficiency of the main postal work and reduces the cost. It makes on-demand printing economical. The digital workflow has also undergone tremendous changes in the distribution of publications and market research.
V. Distribution and Market Work
Digital workflows, whether for print or electronic publications, bring a lot of convenience to their distribution. The bar code marked on the product allows issuers, whether underwriters, retailers or librarians, to track the operation of the product at any time and ensure that the consumer has received them. Integrated distribution and execution systems, including order control, user database, ordering procedures, ordering statistics. Sales records, etc., all these tasks will be automatically completed by the system. If there is an e-commerce system connected to the publisher's site, the automation of these tasks will be even higher.
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