1. The purpose of clothing is to keep warm, protected and comfortable.
2. In principle, mountaineering clothing should be flexible and regulated.
3. The temperature in the mountains is lower than the temperature in the plains, and the temperature is lowered by 6°C for every 1000 meters (the vertical decreasing rate of air temperature = 6 (C/Km).
However, the temperature measured on the mountain is not equal to the temperature (sense temperature) felt by the human body. If there is wind, the flowing air can continuously remove the heat from the body surface. This “cold effect†makes the body temperature lower than the actual temperature in the wind.
A simple calculation formula:
Somatosensory temperature = air temperature - 4 * (wind speed per second (m/sec [Josie1]))1/2)
4. Clothing should be kept as dry as possible. The coldness of water is 23 times higher than that of air. If wind is added, it will often cause loss of temperature and an accident.
Second, the choice of mountaineering clothing
1. All mountaineering clothing should not be too tight, otherwise it will interfere with blood circulation and space comfort, and lose a layer of air convection space, will reduce the degree of warmth.
2 clothing material characteristics
(1) Cotton: Strong water absorption, not easy to dry, no heat preservation effect if it reaches 8%.
(2) Wool: Hydrophilic molecular structure, strong suction, weak drainage, not easy to dry. The fiber is curled and is the only natural hollow fiber. It is still warm when it reaches 30%.
(3) Down: Because the surface contains a layer of grease and can accumulate a lot of air, light weight and excellent thermal effect, once the water loses its warmth.
(4) PP: The main material is Polyester or Polypropylene. It is a water-repellent fiber and has the characteristics of perspiration and easy drying.
(5) Gore-Tex: The material is a thin film of Teflon, which is resistant to acid, helium, cold and heat and has waterproof and breathable properties.
In 1975, it was successfully developed by the American LG Gore Corporation and the Army. There are many micropores on the membrane. Each micropore has a diameter of only 0.2 micrometer, which is 20,000 times of the liquid water molecular cluster, but it is 700 times larger than the vapor water molecule. Pingfang can withstand 65 to 80 pounds of water pressure.
(6)Pile: a general term for a special weaving method, warm and easy to dry. The material may be a mixture of multiple polymers. Weaving these synthetic fibers into small loops one by one on a piece of fabric is called Pile. Because these small rings can accumulate air to achieve warmth, warmth is comparable to wool, and the weight is half that of wool.
Third, wearing climbing clothing
1.Layers wear: Comfort, Warm, Lay
(1) The inner layer: to maintain the skin surface temperature and comfort, must be close to fully play the function of warmth, and will not cause excessive friction, choose to pay close attention to the body should not be too tight. Optional PP material products.
(2) Middle: The middle layer of clothing mainly provides warmth protection. When choosing intermediate clothing, attention should be paid to adjustability and convenience. Choose from wool, feathers and Pile products.
(3) Outer layer: Outer clothing provides protection against cold, heat, wind and water. It should be based on the principles of convenient activities and easy wear and tear.
2. Clothing matching
(1) Hat: The head heats up to 60% of the whole body. Warm and comfortable hat can reduce body temperature loss, shading, and protect the head. Choices include PP caps, caps, hair caps, pile caps, Gore-Tex caps, helmets, buckets, etc. The hat is still worn by the skull, and the warm hat must be protected with the ear.
(2) Tops: The inner layer is made of sweat-wicking materials that should be more intimate, such as PP underwear. Mid-level options include feather coats, piles, sweaters, etc. Feather coat warm effect, collection of small, but afraid of water, poor air permeability. Pile adds an air layer, which is good for warmth, but it is air-permeable; some of the new design adds a layer of windproof material, but try not to choose a product that can't be separated from the coat in the middle layer. The outer layer of clothing is mainly windproof and waterproof, and raincoats and windbreakers are essential items throughout the year. You can choose general raincoats according to your needs and financial resources.
Specially treated trench coats or rain jackets made of Gore-Tex material. Should choose to facilitate the activity of the two-section design, pay attention to the suture treatment, whether easy to wear off.
(3) Lower body: In addition to the wearing of the skull, the convenience must be considered. The inner layer (if any, such as Xueyueshishi? choose the perspiration-dried material. The middle layer is made of convenient trousers, pay attention to warmth, windproofness, light weight and quick dryness. The best choice of long pants, can provide better The cropped pants are not suitable for mountaineering, unless it is a good path to the suburbs in the summer.The outer layer is best to use Gore-Tex material in addition to the snow season, otherwise it is usually waterproof pants.
(4) socks: the inner layer is best to wear a pair of PP socks, do not use cotton socks. Cotton socks are easy to absorb sweat, and increase the friction with the foot after the tide, which can easily cause blisters in the friction area. In the middle layer, socks made of wool socks or wool blended with polymer fibers are preferred, and have the function of keeping warm and protecting the foot.
(5) Gloves: They are also worn by the wearer's layer. The innermost layer is made of PP gloves, the middle layer is made of wool or Pile gloves, and the outer layer is waterproof gloves.
(6) Leggings: Separate length leggings and short leggings. Short leggings waterproof, insect snakes, in addition to protection, can also prevent dirt. Long leggings are usually applied during the snow season and are available for waterproofing and warmth.
(7) Hiking shoes: It is the equipment with the highest priority in purchasing all climbing equipment. When purchasing, you should consider its use, weight, and water resistance. If lightweight shoes are used in traditional routes, the cushioning force and weight are sufficient. Non-traditional routes can choose harder shoes, provide better protection and improve the smoothness and carrying power.
(i) Lightweight hiking shoes: Their characteristics are light, comfortable, quick-drying and easy to wear. These types of hiking shoes have soft soles and are glued with adhesives. The shoes are highly breathable and comfortable and can be adapted in a short period of time. Suitable for carrying light weight, walking in a good mountain trail.
(ii) Hard-soled hiking shoes: Emphasizing the support of the ankles, the stability of the soles, and the ability to respond to harsh conditions. When riding on rough terrain, the hard soles provide foot protection and support the stability of the ankles and soles; because the ankles, heels, and toes have sufficient support, they can enhance the back-force and adapt to difficult terrain.
(iii) Plastic Boots: Double Boots, commonly known in China, are waterproof and warm, suitable for hard snow terrain and winter ice climbing. The boots insulation keeps the feet warm and dry, and can be removed and evaporated. This kind of boots is very hard and not suitable for general use.
(iv) Note: Daytime activities will inflate your feet and it is best to buy shoes at night. Regardless of how many shoes are selected, try walking for a few days and increase walking distance. If there is blisters on the soles of the feet, add a pair of socks. If the blisters appear in the toes, wear a thin sock or remove the insole. The heel injury will tighten the laces. If the foot is injured, the laces will not be tied to the top hook groove.
Fourth, adjust the clothing
1. Purpose: Maintain normal body temperature
Normal human body temperature 35.8 (C~37.8 (C
Normal body temperature is lowest at 3:00~5:00 AM
2. The four ways of heat loss:
(1) Convection: The cold effect, the water is more serious than the air.
(2) Conduction: direct contact with heat conduction.
(3) Evaporation: Most of the remaining heat is lost through this route. Such as sweating.
(4) Radiation: 50% to 65% of heat is lost through this route.
3. Adjust the order of clothing
Gloves - Hats - Jackets & Cuffs - Take off one layer of clothing.
Climbing equipment purchase tips
To participate in mountaineering, the size of the shoes you choose should be at least one size greater than the one you wear, because prolonged walking can make your feet swell. Please buy hiking shoes a few weeks before your trip, and get in touch with the new shoes in advance, because wearing new shoes while walking will result in bruising.
In the process of outdoor sports, people will inevitably produce a lot of sweat. It is best to choose quick-dry clothing. Quick-drying fabrics such as "quickdry", "dryeasy" and "CooLMaX" are mainly made of nylon, and are treated with special chemical fibers. The inner layer of fabric can absorb a large amount of sweat generated by the movement of the human body, and quickly transmitted to the outer layer of clothing, the evaporation of sweat into the air. Also pay attention to its comfort and wear resistance, if the feel and appearance can be similar to the best cotton cloth, in addition to pay attention to the manufacturer's specific anti-wear, tear-proof function.
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