Professor Zhang Risheng, Beijing Normal University, Research and Application Center for Sandplay Therapy
Sandbox game opens the door in the heart of autistic children
In 1988, a film called "Rainman" won the 61st Academy Awards. In the film, "Rainman" played by Dustin Hoffman is a weird person living in a personal spiritual world. However, he has extraordinary memory of the numbers and can even accurately calculate the cards of 6 decks of poker. This sounds a little weird, but it is a fact. The disease of the "Rain Man" is medically called autism.
In recent years, the incidence of autism has increased sharply globally. The prevalence of autism among children in the mainland of China has also increased year by year.
Various causes of childhood autism
"The incidence of autism in China has risen at an alarming rate, from three thousandths to one thousandth. The autism is no longer a rare disease, it is becoming the most common disease that seriously affects children's health."
What kind of disease is autism? What is its manifestation? Many people do not understand it. Therefore, when the child initially had autistic behavior, some parents did not know what the disease was. Often when the child is diagnosed, the condition has reached moderate to severe.
These autistic children have some extraordinary abilities. Studies have shown that children with autism may have strong abilities in some aspects, about 10% of them have extraordinary intelligence, and most children have better memory, especially in mechanical memory.
The data show that there are obvious differences in the incidence of childhood autism between men and women, more common in boys. And the current survey found that the prevalence of urban children is higher. The occurrence of autism has nothing to do with factors such as family economic conditions, parents' education, regular TV watching, only children or overnutrition. And it is related to brain nerve tissue damage, genetic diseases (nodular sclerosis, phenylketonuria, etc.), heavy metal pollution, rubella infection during maternal and pregnancy, herpes infection in infants and young children, encephalitis, cerebral edema and other factors.
60% of autistic children's parents are Kochi
One mother said that both of them were graduate students, because they held important positions in their work units, and seldom put their energy on their children. The mother did n’t regret it until she discovered that her child was autistic: "I read so many books and worked so hard, but I'm sorry for the child!"
According to the senior training instructor of the Children's Psychological Quality Training Center, nearly 60% of the children undergoing orthopedic training in the center are highly educated or high-income people with bachelor's degree or higher, and the proportion of children from Kochi families suffering from autism There is an upward trend year by year. Kochi parents hope to create better living and learning conditions for their children. They concentrate on work, but they ignore the care for their children. Therefore, the proportion of children who have autistic tendency or suffer from autism is higher than that of ordinary families.
Some parents see that the child does not distinguish between "you", "me" and "he", and they think it is very interesting, but do not realize that it is an abnormal phenomenon. Although some parents have discovered signs of symptoms, they always think that children who are highly educated people cannot have problems, which delays the best time for correction.
The child's psychological development in early childhood has an important impact on the child's life. Hugs, touching, kissing, and eye contact are very important for the child's healthy psychological development. If children do not receive the care of their parents during this period, it is likely to cause autism and emotional disorders. At the same time, too much care and spoiling will also make children tend to be autistic.
Experts reminded that parents should create more opportunities and time to get along with their children, and spend at least 2 hours a week to accompany their children. During this period, parents should focus on their children's interests and hobbies, play with them, play games together, and have friend-like communication with them. In addition, the interaction between peers is also very important. Parents should not deprive their children of the right to play. Children should be encouraged to play more with their peers, so that they can understand the joy of sharing with their peers in the game.
Sand table game therapy enters into autistic children
"At present, the treatment level of autism in China may lag behind that of foreign countries by 20 to 30 years." Teacher Zhangka of the Autism Children's Rehabilitation Center said, "The sand table therapy introduced by the rehabilitation center is currently the most advanced and achieved in the world. Significantly effective treatment. "
Sandbox therapy is also called sandbox therapy or sandbox therapy. In schools and kindergartens, it is widely used in children's psychological education and psychotherapy; in universities and adult psychological clinics, it is also very popular. Two thirds of the sand table therapy abroad is applied to adults.
The sand table is a special kind of box filled with sand for people to carry out construction activities on. It is usually placed on a low table. The commonly used sand table is 75CM long, 57COM wide and 70CM high (the group sandbox we use is the size provided by Beijing Normal University, suitable for about 10 people to operate together. At present, everyone sees a relatively large sandbox, its length is There is 160CM). The function of the water basin is to hold some water and put it in a handy place next to the sand tray in case you need to wet the sand. The miniature models of people or things are some small toy models that can represent people, animals, plants or other similar small toys.
In the "safe, free and protected space" atmosphere created by the sand table, visitors use sand, water and sand tools in the environment created by them, and the instructor records the behavior details of the case while accompanying him. Each sandbox environment reflects the communication and dialogue between the consciousness and unconsciousness of the sandbox players.
Even if you don't analyze the results, just letting the children do sandbox games autonomously is also very good for the treatment of autism. Because in the process of making sand table games, the children ’s games are completely autonomous, without guidance and interference from teachers and parents, there will be no secondary trauma to the children, that is, no side effects, so the children can carry out an inner world Integration.
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