Recently, the German microelectronics research institute IHP-Leibniz Institute has partnered with the German Aerospace Center to develop a compact and cost-effective gas mass spectrometry sensing system. This groundbreaking system is the first in the world to integrate transmitters and receivers using silicon wafers, marking a significant advancement in the field of gas detection.
The institute has created an affordable fabrication method for germanium-based wafer components that operate between 238 GHz and 252 GHz. These components are built using standard silicon process technology, allowing existing semiconductor devices to be repurposed. This approach not only lowers production costs but also ensures high performance at a competitive price, making the gas sensors more accessible for various applications.
Although the current prototype of the silicon-germanium transmitter and receiver chip is still limited in scope, the R&D team emphasizes that this is just the first version. They plan to release a more advanced and refined model in the near future, aiming to improve efficiency and functionality.
IHP-Leibniz recently showcased a system that uses an optical test setup to integrate the transmit and receive modules. The antenna gain was enhanced using a lens, improving signal strength. For gas mass spectrometry, a gas absorption unit measuring about 0.6 meters is placed between the transmitter and receiver. During operation, the receiver's intermediate frequency (IF) signal is recorded as a function of transmission frequency using standard laboratory techniques. The system includes a local oscillator at both the transmitter and receiver, with frequency stabilization provided by an external phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. Two PLL units use reference frequencies with a fixed offset to maintain a consistent IF frequency, enabling precise detection of even minor amplitude variations for accurate gas absorption analysis.
This new generation of gas sensors developed by IHP-Leibniz and the German aerospace center holds great promise for real-world applications. They can be used to detect toxic gases, monitor chemical processes in the semiconductor industry, and even assist in healthcare by analyzing exhaled breath to help diagnose lung conditions. With their small size, low cost, and high sensitivity, these sensors could revolutionize environmental monitoring, industrial safety, and medical diagnostics.
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