Ecosystem carbon storage is one of the basic contents of carbon cycle research. Observation and estimation of carbon storage become basic data for evaluating ecosystem carbon source and carbon sink functions and global climate change research. Vegetation and soil are the largest carbon pools in the ecosystem. Observation of vegetation and soil carbon storage is the key to improving the accuracy of carbon storage estimation in ecosystems.
2 Design of the observation system
2.1 Purpose
The observation of ecosystem vegetation and soil carbon storage involves many observation contents, various observation techniques and methods, and large changes in observation time and space scale. It is necessary for the observation system to not only conveniently collect, quickly analyze and process observation data, but also according to users. The selected model calculates the carbon storage of ecosystems at different scales.
The measurement of carbon content of vegetation and soil samples is an important part of carbon storage observation, and it is also a time-consuming work. The traditional method uses a chemical method, which requires sample preparation and preparation of chemical reagents. In the measurement process, toxic waste liquid will also be generated, polluting the environment.
The AZ-C701 Ecosystem Carbon Storage Observation System is an integrated vegetation and soil carbon storage observation system integrated with international advanced carbon measurement technology and database platform by Aozuo Company according to the requirements of China ’s comprehensive earth observation system. Using laser spectroscopy to measure the carbon content of vegetation and soil samples, without sample preparation, without chemical reagents, the measurement speed is fast, and can also measure N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and other constant elements and Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B., Mo, Ni, Cl and other trace elements.
2.2 Observation content
According to the ten-year plan of China's integrated earth observation system, combined with the requirements of the international earth observation system, the observation contents are as follows:
Observation target
Observation items
Vegetation carbon storage
farmland
Farmland type, main crop types, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, productivity, litter mass
forest
Forest type, stand species composition, stand average age, leaf area index, breast diameter, tree height, stock volume, biomass and productivity, litter amount, tree death
grassland
Grassland type, dominant species, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, productivity, litter mass
wetlands
Wetland type, dominant species, leaf area index, aboveground biomass, underground biomass, productivity, litter mass
Soil carbon storage
Soil type, color, soil mechanical composition, organic matter content, soil depth, bulk density, soil water content, soil N content, soil dissolved organic carbon, soil dissolved inorganic carbon
2.2 Layout of observation points
In the observation plot, determine the observation points of leaf area index, tree height, DBH and soil moisture.
Biomass sample collection points: Refer to forest, farmland, grassland, and wetland biomass measurement specifications to determine aboveground biomass and underground biomass collection points.
Soil sample collection point: Diagonal, checkerboard or serpentine sampling method can be used according to the situation of soil fertility and uniformity of soil water content.
2.3 Sampling frequency and sample processing and analysis
After determining the observation point, record the basic vegetation information of the observation point in the format of the farmland / forest / grassland / wetland plot information table of the Ecograph-C software, and record the basic soil information of the observation point according to the soil plot surface.
Leaf area index and soil moisture can be measured several times in the growing season and stored in Ecograph-C software.
Vegetation biomass, tree height, breast diameter: according to the research scale, once / year or once / 5 years. For forest plots, record the sampling and measurement results of felled wood and its side branches according to the Ecograph-C felled wood and felled side branches biomass scale.
Soil carbon storage: the initial (2a ～ 4a) sampling frequency is 1 time / year; the interval time can be longer in the future, and the sampling frequency is 3a ～ 5a. Increase the observation frequency in a special case. Enter the soil sample information according to the soil sampling location table and soil sample record table in Ecograph-C.
Measurement of carbon content of collected soil and plant samples such as leaves: directly into the measurement room of the AZ-C701 ecosystem carbon storage observation system, and the results can be obtained within a few seconds. The system software provides a variety of data analysis tools, such as: PCA, PLS, multi-parameter linear regression, chemical statistical analysis, etc., to obtain quantitative analysis results of complex, multi-component samples.
2.4 System composition and technical indicators
The ecosystem carbon storage observation system not only provides the original data of soil and vegetation carbon storage observation content, but also provides a comprehensive system of carbon storage calculation results of different scales.
Technical index:
Measuring principle: laser spectrum 190nm-1000nm, shutter delay range: 50ns-1ms; resolution: 25ns; automatic XYZ process
Measurement parameters:
Ecograph-C software: provided
l Vegetation plot information table
l Soil plot information table
l Various soil and vegetation sample records
l Individual plant and stand biomass
l NPP
l Vegetation carbon storage
l Soil carbon density and carbon storage
Constant elements: C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
Trace elements: Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B., Mo, Ni, Cl
Trace elements: detect almost all elements on the chemical periodic table
Leaf area index (LAI), leaf distribution angle (LAD), mean leaf angle (MLA)
Breast diameter measurement range: 40cm ～ 127cm
Soil moisture: TDR principle, measuring range: 0-100%
Tree height: laser method, measuring height: 0-999m
3 data processing
Ecograph-C software in the AZ-C701 ecosystem carbon storage observation system manages the basic information data of the observation points. The built-in models and calculation formulas calculate the biomass of individual plants and stand biomass based on the original data; according to the content of the sample Carbon quantity, calculate carbon density, and then calculate the carbon storage of soil and vegetation.
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